EXAM 4

DUE: THURSDAY, MAY 7, 11:59 pm

General Guidance:

• The exam questions below cover the material we will discuss in class. Your answers should reflect what we cover in class, the posted notes, and the text book.
• It is best to work on the questions as we cover the material; you should feel free to bring the questions up in class for discussion.
• Be thorough, it may take one or two paragraphs to completely answer the question.
• Put the answer into your own words. Short quotes are OK, but your answer should not be a single, long quote from a source.
• Please answer the questions using complete sentences, and be sure to use proper spelling and grammar (worth 10%).
• The answers must be typed.
• Informal citations are required.
  • If you are using information from the textbook; indicate the page number
  • If you are using information from your class notes; indicate so
  • If you are using other sources, you should indicate the source
  • Format examples: "According to [source], [followed by the information]" OR "[information] [followed by source in parentheses]"
• Answers that are copied from the book, notes, another student, or any other source (verbatim or superficially rephrased) will not be accepted. While you should use all the resources available and you can and should work with other students, the work you submit must be your own work in your own words.

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1. Explain what oceanography is. (5 pts.)
2. Describe two of the characteristics of life. (How do you know if something is alive?) (10 pts.)
3. List three physical or biological factors that affect life in the ocean and explain their effects. (15 pts.)
4. Explain why organisms in a population or community are usually clustered rather than distributed randomly. (Why are organisms found in groups instead of scattered randomly throughout the ocean?) (5 pts.)
5. Describe what is meant by organic evolution. (5 pts.)
6. Explain two pieces of evidence that support organic evolution. For each, you should describe the evidence and explain how that evidence supports organic evolution. (10 pts.)
7. Describe the mechanism of evolution (natural selection). (How does natural selection work?) (10 pts.)
8. Explain what "primary productivity" is and why it is important. Describe one important group of primary producers found in the ocean. (10 pts.)
9. Explain what is meant by the compensation depth (5 pts.)
10. Explain why seaweed is slimy. (5 pts.)
11. Describe some of the characteristics of the following groups of marine animals: (5 pts. each)
    1. Phylum Cnidaria
    2. Phylum Mollusca
    3. Fish
    4. Marine Mammals

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